Glossary > Two-factor authentication (2FA)

Two-factor authentication (2FA)

Author: Anagha Ravi

Published: November 20, 2024

Updated: November 26, 2024

What is 2FA?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security measure that helps protect your accounts by requiring two forms of verification before granting access. Think of it as a double lock—after you enter your password, you’ll also need to provide a second factor, like a code sent to your phone or generated by an app. Even if someone gets hold of your password, they won’t be able to access your account without that second form of verification. It’s a simple yet powerful way to enhance your online security and keep your information safe.

How does 2FA work?

With 2FA, you’ll be prompted to provide a second form of verification, like a code sent via text, a call, or generated by an authentication app once you’ve entered your account password. This means that even if someone has your password, they’ll still need the second factor to get in. By combining something you know (your password) with something you have (your phone or app), 2FA makes it much harder for unauthorized users to access your account.

These are known as factors and are categorized based on what you know, what you have, or what you are. The most common types of 2FA factors are:

Something you know: This is your password, PIN, or the answer to a security question. It’s the first line of defense, but on its own, it’s not always enough to keep intruders out.
Something you have: This could be your smartphone, a hardware token, or an app that generates a one-time code. After you enter your password, you’ll need to confirm your identity with something physical that only you have.
Something you are: Biometrics like fingerprints, facial recognition, or voice identification fall into this category. These are unique to you and add a personal level of security that’s tough to duplicate.

The problem with (only using) passwords

Passwords have long been the go-to for securing accounts, but they’re not as foolproof as they once seemed. They can be easily guessed, stolen, or compromised in data breaches. Many people use weak passwords or the same one across multiple accounts, making it even easier for hackers to break in. Even complex passwords aren’t immune to phishing attacks or brute-force hacking attempts.

Two-step authentication vs. two-factor authentication

Two-step authentication and two-factor authentication are often confused, but there’s a key difference between the two. Two-step authentication refers to any process that requires two separate steps to verify your identity. These steps can sometimes use the same type of factor, like a password followed by a security question. While it adds a layer of protection, it’s less secure than 2FA, which requires two distinct types of identity verification.

Is SMS 2FA secure?

SMS (short message service, also known as text messaging) adds more security to accounts than using a password alone, but it’s not the most secure option available. While it’s convenient—since most people always have their phones on them—SMS 2FA is vulnerable to certain types of attacks, like SIM swapping or phishing.

Why businesses should use two-factor authentication

Businesses should use two-factor authentication because it significantly enhances the security of their accounts, systems, and sensitive data. In today’s digital landscape, relying solely on passwords just isn’t enough—cyberattacks are getting more sophisticated, and password breaches are becoming all too common. By adding a second layer of protection, 2FA helps businesses guard against unauthorized access, even if an employee’s password is compromised.

Beyond just boosting security, 2FA can also build trust with customers by showing a commitment to protecting their personal information. It’s a simple yet powerful way to reduce the risk of data breaches, safeguard sensitive communications, and ensure that only authorized users can access critical systems. It’s a low-effort, high-reward solution for businesses of all sizes.

Implementing and incentivizing 2FA

Implementing 2FA is relatively simple, but getting employees and customers on board can sometimes be a challenge. Incentivizing the use of two-factor authentication encourages people to adopt better security practices, which, in turn, helps protect your business from data breaches and unauthorized access. The more people use 2FA, the stronger your overall security posture becomes.

Making 2FA easy to set up, with clear instructions and support, can also increase adoption. By incentivizing and educating your users about 2FA, you help create a security-conscious culture that benefits everyone while helping to prevent potential threats.

Two-factor authentication FAQs

What are some common 2FA methods?

The most common methods for 2FA include SMS or voice call verification, email verification, and codes from authentication apps. Some services also offer biometric verification, like fingerprint or facial recognition.

Is 2FA mandatory?

2FA isn’t always mandatory, but increasingly, large organizations are requiring some form of multi-factor authentication (MFA). It is always highly recommended to protect users, especially with apps or websites that store sensitive information.

What happens if access to a second factor is lost?

If a user loses access to one of their authentication factors, most services offer backup options, like recovery codes, or allow you to set up alternative methods, such as email verification or security questions. It’s always a good idea to save recovery codes in a safe place just in case you lose access to your primary 2FA method.

Can 2FA be bypassed?

While 2FA significantly boosts your security, it’s not 100% foolproof. Cybercriminals may use phishing attacks or social engineering to trick users into revealing their second factor. However, 2FA is still one of the most readily available ways to help protect accounts.

What about endpoint protection?

MFA with endpoint protection adds layers of security to help protect you and access to your account services. Many leaked passwords actually happen on the endpoint by malware that harvests credentials from the browser, including session tokens.

Does 2FA slow down log in processes?

Not really. The extra step usually takes just a few seconds, and the added security is well worth it. Plus, some services let you designate trusted devices, meaning you won’t have to enter the second factor every time you login from that device.

The information provided in this glossary definition does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice, nor does it necessarily represent Bandwidth's products or business practices. This page is for general informational purposes only.

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